Some of you have been having troubles with Turnitin not letting you access the report for the final assignment. If that's the case, let me know via email and I'll check it myself later on.
Also, AssignIT seems to be rather slow in turning itself on. If you're trying to submit early or it has some sort of issue, email your final assignment to me directly at ianto.ware@unisa.edu.au
Tuesday, November 17, 2009
Monday, November 9, 2009
Some Recommended Readings for the Final Assignment
Obviously I’m not going to do your research for you or tell you exactly what you should read for each question. But below is a selection of texts I think you’ll find useful and a brief overview. You’ll still need to do research specific to your topic but these are good starting points.
Theodor Adorno
There’s a lot of stuff by Adorno out there and he’s one of those canonical authors you can cite from even though he’s pretty old. If you can find the Adorno reader, take a look at chapter 13 “Culture Industry Revisited”, particularly page 233 where he complains about how the mass media are making people stupid. He’s also got an essay with Max Horkheimer called ‘The Culture Industry as Mass Deception” in Rivkin and Ryan’s ‘Literary Theory: An Anthology’ which is worth looking up.
The Long Tail, Chris Anderson, 2006
We’ve talked about this a lot in the tutes. It’s not really an academic text, but Anderson’s theory of The Long Tail is really important and has had a huge impact.
The Media and Communications in Australia, Stuart Cunningham and Graeme Turner, 2002
This is a little old now but it has some big name theorists and useful sections. Part Two has some overviews of major theoretical approaches to understanding contemporary media. In the last two sections there’s some stuff on new media and predictions about the future of professional journalism and television etc.
Dream, Stephen Duncombe, 2007
Duncombe’s an aging activist, most renowned for his attempts to bridge the gap between academia and punk. This book is about activism and participatory culture in the 21st century. Chapter five is probably the most useful, particularly if you’re doing the question 1 or 4, both looking at the cultural impact of Web 2.0
The Cultural Resistance Reader, Stephen Duncombe, 2002
This is a collection of major cultural theory around the notion of political and social activism. Part seven and eight include readings by Adorno, Richard Hoggart and a few other people I’ve talked about in tutes – a good way to get some ‘foundational’ theory into your final assignment. Most of the readings in this book are short, easy to read excerpts from major thinkers.
Nothing Feels Good: Punk Rock, Teenagers and Emo, Andy Greenwald, 2003
This is getting a little old now, and I’m not sure ‘Emo’ is still a term people use, let alone use in the way they used to. And this isn’t an academic text. But it is one of the best overviews of the impact of Web 2.0 and a perfect practical illustration of Chris Anderson’s notion of the long tail applied to suburban kids and what we’d call ‘subcultural literacy practices’ (which basically just means buying certain records, books, magazines, clothes etc etc). I’d say focus on the first part of Part Two, which looks at the business model of Vagrant Records – one of the first labels to really succeed in a post-digital environment, and Part Four, which looks at angsty teenagers and their use of things like LiveJournal. There’s also some stuff on one of the first really big social networking sites, MakeOutClub.
Silencing Dissent, Clive Hamilton and Sarah Maddison, 2007
Written specifically to critique the Howard government prior to the last election, there’s some pretty overt political agendas on display here. But its got some good stuff on how the Australian government shapes and controls public debate through policies on the media. Have a look at chapter six, ‘The Media’, by Helen Ester.
Convergence Culture, Henry Jenkins, 2006
This is one of the most influential books of the last few years, looking at the way the mass media has reacted to the Long Tail and how perceptions of the audience have changed. Henry Jenkins is probably the biggest name in US media studies right now and worth looking up.
Marshall McLuhan
This is an author, not a single text. He’s got a few major books. Look for the Gutenberg Galaxy. That’s probably the major one. McLuhan more or less founded media studies in the United States back in the sixties and was largely forgotten by the mid-eighties, but his work has been rediscovered over the past few years. His approach focuses on mediums and, more particularly, how new and digital mediums will impact on what people make and how people communicate. US media studies tends to focus much more on mediums, whereas UK or Birmingham School theory tends to focus more on a Marxist theories which are more about how media impacts upon culture. McLuhan is one of those ‘big name’ or canonical theorists you can quote from despite his work being pretty old.
Being Digital, Nicholas Negroponte, 1995
Akin to McLuhan, I’d accept this as a historical source or as a text which influenced a lot of more recent theory. Negroponte’s book was one of the first things ever written on the internet by someone who knew a great deal about it. A lot of what he says hasn’t really stood up, partly because a couple of years later the dot.com boom kicked in. But it’s still an interesting source detailing the history of the internet.
Literary Theory: An Anthology, Julie Rivkin and Michael Ryan, 1998
This is old, but it used to be the standard reader for English Honours students at Adelaide University. It includes pretty much all the canonical thinkers in the fields of English, Media and Cultural Studies and as such it’s a fantastic starting point. Have a look through Part Ten, which includes the Adorno and Horkheimer reading on mass media and why it makes people dumb, Stuart Hall’s stuff on ideology, John Fiske’s essay on television culture and a bunch of other highly influential work.
The Content Makers, Margaret Simons, 2007
This is an overview of the Australian media industry, covering its changes and the impact of Web 2.0. There’s some useful stuff on the changing attitudes towards the concept of the ‘audience’ and a lot of general historical overview about how the Australian professional media works.
The Book is Dead, Sherman Young, 2007
Chapter 4 and 5, titled ‘Nobody Reads’ and ‘Everybody Writes’ are probably the most useful. This is a prediction about how content delivery mechanisms will change over the next ten years, with particular reference to the book. Young’s basic hypothesis is that the book as a physical object will lose some of its dominance as people start reading more online, and that will also change how people write and publish.
Theodor Adorno
There’s a lot of stuff by Adorno out there and he’s one of those canonical authors you can cite from even though he’s pretty old. If you can find the Adorno reader, take a look at chapter 13 “Culture Industry Revisited”, particularly page 233 where he complains about how the mass media are making people stupid. He’s also got an essay with Max Horkheimer called ‘The Culture Industry as Mass Deception” in Rivkin and Ryan’s ‘Literary Theory: An Anthology’ which is worth looking up.
The Long Tail, Chris Anderson, 2006
We’ve talked about this a lot in the tutes. It’s not really an academic text, but Anderson’s theory of The Long Tail is really important and has had a huge impact.
The Media and Communications in Australia, Stuart Cunningham and Graeme Turner, 2002
This is a little old now but it has some big name theorists and useful sections. Part Two has some overviews of major theoretical approaches to understanding contemporary media. In the last two sections there’s some stuff on new media and predictions about the future of professional journalism and television etc.
Dream, Stephen Duncombe, 2007
Duncombe’s an aging activist, most renowned for his attempts to bridge the gap between academia and punk. This book is about activism and participatory culture in the 21st century. Chapter five is probably the most useful, particularly if you’re doing the question 1 or 4, both looking at the cultural impact of Web 2.0
The Cultural Resistance Reader, Stephen Duncombe, 2002
This is a collection of major cultural theory around the notion of political and social activism. Part seven and eight include readings by Adorno, Richard Hoggart and a few other people I’ve talked about in tutes – a good way to get some ‘foundational’ theory into your final assignment. Most of the readings in this book are short, easy to read excerpts from major thinkers.
Nothing Feels Good: Punk Rock, Teenagers and Emo, Andy Greenwald, 2003
This is getting a little old now, and I’m not sure ‘Emo’ is still a term people use, let alone use in the way they used to. And this isn’t an academic text. But it is one of the best overviews of the impact of Web 2.0 and a perfect practical illustration of Chris Anderson’s notion of the long tail applied to suburban kids and what we’d call ‘subcultural literacy practices’ (which basically just means buying certain records, books, magazines, clothes etc etc). I’d say focus on the first part of Part Two, which looks at the business model of Vagrant Records – one of the first labels to really succeed in a post-digital environment, and Part Four, which looks at angsty teenagers and their use of things like LiveJournal. There’s also some stuff on one of the first really big social networking sites, MakeOutClub.
Silencing Dissent, Clive Hamilton and Sarah Maddison, 2007
Written specifically to critique the Howard government prior to the last election, there’s some pretty overt political agendas on display here. But its got some good stuff on how the Australian government shapes and controls public debate through policies on the media. Have a look at chapter six, ‘The Media’, by Helen Ester.
Convergence Culture, Henry Jenkins, 2006
This is one of the most influential books of the last few years, looking at the way the mass media has reacted to the Long Tail and how perceptions of the audience have changed. Henry Jenkins is probably the biggest name in US media studies right now and worth looking up.
Marshall McLuhan
This is an author, not a single text. He’s got a few major books. Look for the Gutenberg Galaxy. That’s probably the major one. McLuhan more or less founded media studies in the United States back in the sixties and was largely forgotten by the mid-eighties, but his work has been rediscovered over the past few years. His approach focuses on mediums and, more particularly, how new and digital mediums will impact on what people make and how people communicate. US media studies tends to focus much more on mediums, whereas UK or Birmingham School theory tends to focus more on a Marxist theories which are more about how media impacts upon culture. McLuhan is one of those ‘big name’ or canonical theorists you can quote from despite his work being pretty old.
Being Digital, Nicholas Negroponte, 1995
Akin to McLuhan, I’d accept this as a historical source or as a text which influenced a lot of more recent theory. Negroponte’s book was one of the first things ever written on the internet by someone who knew a great deal about it. A lot of what he says hasn’t really stood up, partly because a couple of years later the dot.com boom kicked in. But it’s still an interesting source detailing the history of the internet.
Literary Theory: An Anthology, Julie Rivkin and Michael Ryan, 1998
This is old, but it used to be the standard reader for English Honours students at Adelaide University. It includes pretty much all the canonical thinkers in the fields of English, Media and Cultural Studies and as such it’s a fantastic starting point. Have a look through Part Ten, which includes the Adorno and Horkheimer reading on mass media and why it makes people dumb, Stuart Hall’s stuff on ideology, John Fiske’s essay on television culture and a bunch of other highly influential work.
The Content Makers, Margaret Simons, 2007
This is an overview of the Australian media industry, covering its changes and the impact of Web 2.0. There’s some useful stuff on the changing attitudes towards the concept of the ‘audience’ and a lot of general historical overview about how the Australian professional media works.
The Book is Dead, Sherman Young, 2007
Chapter 4 and 5, titled ‘Nobody Reads’ and ‘Everybody Writes’ are probably the most useful. This is a prediction about how content delivery mechanisms will change over the next ten years, with particular reference to the book. Young’s basic hypothesis is that the book as a physical object will lose some of its dominance as people start reading more online, and that will also change how people write and publish.
Sunday, November 1, 2009
Uploading your draft assignment
A few people have said they're having issues uploading the draft assignment into Turnitin. To answer the common questions:
(1) No, I don't expect a full draft. While you do get marked on completing this portion of the course, all you need to do is log on and upload something - a 500 word draft or your last assignment. I won't be reading any drafts. I'll just be checking to see you've registered. The idea is to get you registered with Turnitin and give you a chance to practice using it. It's pretty simple to use, so don't worry too much.
(2) Turnitin doesn't produce the report immediately. It takes between 15 minutes and 24 hours. This is why you need to run your final assignment through Turnitin around the 18th of November.
(3) If Turnitin won't let you log on or won't let you upload, email me at: ianto.ware@unisa.edu.au
(1) No, I don't expect a full draft. While you do get marked on completing this portion of the course, all you need to do is log on and upload something - a 500 word draft or your last assignment. I won't be reading any drafts. I'll just be checking to see you've registered. The idea is to get you registered with Turnitin and give you a chance to practice using it. It's pretty simple to use, so don't worry too much.
(2) Turnitin doesn't produce the report immediately. It takes between 15 minutes and 24 hours. This is why you need to run your final assignment through Turnitin around the 18th of November.
(3) If Turnitin won't let you log on or won't let you upload, email me at: ianto.ware@unisa.edu.au
Sunday, October 25, 2009
The Final Assignment
The final assignment is due on November 20th. It's 2500 words, not including the bibliography. You need to do the following:
(1) Submit a 'draft' of your assignment through TurnItIn (see the last post) on October 31st.
(2) Run the final version of your assignment through TurnItIn around the 18th of November.
(3) Submit the final version of the Assignment, with the TurnItIn report attached to it, through AssignIT on November 20th.
There's an online guide to this assignment at:
http://www.unisanet.unisa.edu.au/learn/Learningconnection/?PATH=/Resources/la/Media+Literacies+(HUMS+1013)+-+Research+Essay+SP5-2009/&default=Welcome.htm
But keep in mind, that guide hasn't been updated recently. Follow the instructions in the course guide and in the tutes over anything you find at that URL.
(1) Submit a 'draft' of your assignment through TurnItIn (see the last post) on October 31st.
(2) Run the final version of your assignment through TurnItIn around the 18th of November.
(3) Submit the final version of the Assignment, with the TurnItIn report attached to it, through AssignIT on November 20th.
There's an online guide to this assignment at:
http://www.unisanet.unisa.edu.au/learn/Learningconnection/?PATH=/Resources/la/Media+Literacies+(HUMS+1013)+-+Research+Essay+SP5-2009/&default=Welcome.htm
But keep in mind, that guide hasn't been updated recently. Follow the instructions in the course guide and in the tutes over anything you find at that URL.
Sunday, October 18, 2009
Computer Room Tutorial
If you don't get to the computer room tutorial, you can do the following at home or in the library.
Computer Room Tutorial
Today’s tute is essentially an exercise in aggravating data entry. You’ll be doing three things:
(1) Logging in to TurnItIn. All you need to do with this today is login. Make sure you remember your password. We’ll go over the reason you’re doing this in next week’s tutorial.
(2) Doing the Student Evaluation of Teaching. This is an anonymous form giving me feedback on my teaching. The scores also affect my ability to get further tutoring work in the future. They are totally anonymous and, whilst I see your answers, I don’t see your name or any other identifying notes in the final report. I do value feedback on how I can teach this course better in the future.
(3) Doing the Course Evaluation Instrument. This is akin to the above, but the feedback is for the course coordinator (Jean) and lecturer (Kit). This is where you give feedback regarding things like the lectures, access to online course materials, the layout of the course information booklet etc.
(1) TurnItIn
(1) Go to your student email. You should have an email from TurnItIn. It will include your email address and a temporary password.
(2) Follow the prompts to login.
(3) Eventually you’ll get to a page that has “Assignment List” and “Your Portfolio” written up the top of it.
(4) There should be two ‘Assignments’ listed below. One will say “Final Assignment Media Literacies” and the other will say “Revision One”.
(5) On October 31st you need to upload a “Draft” of your Assignment. To do this, click on the little picture of the arrow next to ‘Revision One” and below ‘Your Portfolio”. Fill in the sections for your name and write your name plus the word ‘Draft’ under ‘Submission Title’. Then click “upload”.
(6) After uploading you’ll be redirected to a page that says “Submit paper”. Scroll down and click on ‘Submit’.
(7) In theory, at some point in the next 15 minutes to 24 hours you’ll get a report telling you whether you’ve plagiarised or not. It’ll appear as a little coloured line with a percent next to it. You need to log back in to TurnItIn to get this.
(8) For the final assignment, you need to follow all of the above steps, except submitting your final assignment under the “Final Assignment Media Literacies”.
(2) SET and (3) CEI
You should get an email asking you to answer and Student Evaluation of Teaching, or something similar. Follow the links.
Computer Room Tutorial
Today’s tute is essentially an exercise in aggravating data entry. You’ll be doing three things:
(1) Logging in to TurnItIn. All you need to do with this today is login. Make sure you remember your password. We’ll go over the reason you’re doing this in next week’s tutorial.
(2) Doing the Student Evaluation of Teaching. This is an anonymous form giving me feedback on my teaching. The scores also affect my ability to get further tutoring work in the future. They are totally anonymous and, whilst I see your answers, I don’t see your name or any other identifying notes in the final report. I do value feedback on how I can teach this course better in the future.
(3) Doing the Course Evaluation Instrument. This is akin to the above, but the feedback is for the course coordinator (Jean) and lecturer (Kit). This is where you give feedback regarding things like the lectures, access to online course materials, the layout of the course information booklet etc.
(1) TurnItIn
(1) Go to your student email. You should have an email from TurnItIn. It will include your email address and a temporary password.
(2) Follow the prompts to login.
(3) Eventually you’ll get to a page that has “Assignment List” and “Your Portfolio” written up the top of it.
(4) There should be two ‘Assignments’ listed below. One will say “Final Assignment Media Literacies” and the other will say “Revision One”.
(5) On October 31st you need to upload a “Draft” of your Assignment. To do this, click on the little picture of the arrow next to ‘Revision One” and below ‘Your Portfolio”. Fill in the sections for your name and write your name plus the word ‘Draft’ under ‘Submission Title’. Then click “upload”.
(6) After uploading you’ll be redirected to a page that says “Submit paper”. Scroll down and click on ‘Submit’.
(7) In theory, at some point in the next 15 minutes to 24 hours you’ll get a report telling you whether you’ve plagiarised or not. It’ll appear as a little coloured line with a percent next to it. You need to log back in to TurnItIn to get this.
(8) For the final assignment, you need to follow all of the above steps, except submitting your final assignment under the “Final Assignment Media Literacies”.
(2) SET and (3) CEI
You should get an email asking you to answer and Student Evaluation of Teaching, or something similar. Follow the links.
Sunday, October 11, 2009
Overview of the Course So Far
Let’s consider some examples of media and think about what the course has gone over so far. A couple of weeks ago we looked at a bunch of ads and asked a few questions:
What signs do you see?
What discourses (or themes) are evident?
What’s the story being told?
How does that relate to a particular ideology or hegemony?
So let’s really quickly look at an ad:
Now let’s look at another ad.
What happened here?
Chevy Tahoe hired some advertising company that had heard about ‘mash ups’ and put the material required to make an ad for them online, tried to go all Web 2.0 and get some ‘user generated content’. They put the footage online, the music and let people rearrange them and ad their own captions and sound tracks. They got a whole pile of these, most of which are now on YouTube.
This is emblematic of a shift in how people think about advertising, but also in how we think about media.
In The Sociology of Culture, Raymond Williams writes:
"…whatever purposes cultural practice may serve, its means of production are unarguably material. Indeed, instead of starting from the misleading contrast between ‘material’ and ‘cultural’, we have to define two areas for analysis: first, the relations between those material means and the social forms within which they are used… and, second, the relations between these material means and social forms and the specific (artistic) forms which are a manifest cultural production."
What does that mean? It means media is about signs and communication, but its also about how those signs reach the reader. What Chevy fails to recognise is that its not the 1950s, and media isn’t one-way anymore.
Let’s think about another example. On top of thinking about the signs and discourses, think about how those signs and discourses move from the producer (the publisher, writer, editor, etc) to the consumer (the reader).
The Gutenberg Bible
What made this revolutionary?
Let’s consider two other examples, both taken from Chris Anderson’s book ‘The Long Tail’.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtHadAigayc
Anderson cites these guys as having produced the fastest selling album of all time, with 2.4million copies in the first week, released in Jan 2000. They were put together by a music mogal called Lou Pearlman at Sony, but for their second album, No Strings Attached, they shifted to a subsidiary called Jive to get more street cred.
Anderson says these guys benefited from a particular media structure that controlled how media products reached an audience. He explains this at length in the Long Tail, but consider it in brief. Here's a picture of the Long Tail"
When this piece of music came out, it relied on retail outlets, radio and MTV to attract an audience. With limited space, and the necessity of a huge market to cover the cost of accessing that space, only the 'hits' were commercially viable. Guys like Pearlman knew how to work that structure and make hits.
According to Anderson, their success will never be matched because it’s no longer possible for record companies to control their audience in the same way. Anderson talks about the shift towards the ‘long tail’, whereby people buy more niche markets. He uses the example of The Lonely Island.
He says these guys are an example of people becoming successful not because they had a record company that knew how to run a good publicity campaign, but because they slowly built a grassroots reputation through things like YouTube. There’s some other famous examples of recent years.
MC Spandex, who got almost a million hits and world wide fame for a low budget parody music video clip:
Another ‘famous’ example is Tim and Eric. Only watch this if you’re feeling brave. These guys have a well established cult following, but as you can tell from the below clip they’d never fit into the old media structure:
What changes have happened to allow us to go from the boy bands of the late 90s and early 2000s, selling millions of copies, to things like The Lonely Island becoming popular?
Further Reading
The point is that mediums are as important as the meanings they produce. Some useful theory for looking at mediums:
Raymond Williams, The Sociology of Culture.
Hillel Schwartz, The Culture of the Copy.
Marshall McLuhan, The Essential McLuhan.
Andy Greenwald, Nothing Feels Good: Punk Rock, Teenagers and Emo.
Tara Brabazon, From Revolution to Revelation.
Steven Roger Fischer, A History of Reading.
Asa Briggs and Peter Burke, A Social History of the Media.
What signs do you see?
What discourses (or themes) are evident?
What’s the story being told?
How does that relate to a particular ideology or hegemony?
So let’s really quickly look at an ad:
Now let’s look at another ad.
What happened here?
Chevy Tahoe hired some advertising company that had heard about ‘mash ups’ and put the material required to make an ad for them online, tried to go all Web 2.0 and get some ‘user generated content’. They put the footage online, the music and let people rearrange them and ad their own captions and sound tracks. They got a whole pile of these, most of which are now on YouTube.
This is emblematic of a shift in how people think about advertising, but also in how we think about media.
In The Sociology of Culture, Raymond Williams writes:
"…whatever purposes cultural practice may serve, its means of production are unarguably material. Indeed, instead of starting from the misleading contrast between ‘material’ and ‘cultural’, we have to define two areas for analysis: first, the relations between those material means and the social forms within which they are used… and, second, the relations between these material means and social forms and the specific (artistic) forms which are a manifest cultural production."
What does that mean? It means media is about signs and communication, but its also about how those signs reach the reader. What Chevy fails to recognise is that its not the 1950s, and media isn’t one-way anymore.
Let’s think about another example. On top of thinking about the signs and discourses, think about how those signs and discourses move from the producer (the publisher, writer, editor, etc) to the consumer (the reader).
The Gutenberg Bible
What made this revolutionary?
Let’s consider two other examples, both taken from Chris Anderson’s book ‘The Long Tail’.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtHadAigayc
Anderson cites these guys as having produced the fastest selling album of all time, with 2.4million copies in the first week, released in Jan 2000. They were put together by a music mogal called Lou Pearlman at Sony, but for their second album, No Strings Attached, they shifted to a subsidiary called Jive to get more street cred.
Anderson says these guys benefited from a particular media structure that controlled how media products reached an audience. He explains this at length in the Long Tail, but consider it in brief. Here's a picture of the Long Tail"
When this piece of music came out, it relied on retail outlets, radio and MTV to attract an audience. With limited space, and the necessity of a huge market to cover the cost of accessing that space, only the 'hits' were commercially viable. Guys like Pearlman knew how to work that structure and make hits.
According to Anderson, their success will never be matched because it’s no longer possible for record companies to control their audience in the same way. Anderson talks about the shift towards the ‘long tail’, whereby people buy more niche markets. He uses the example of The Lonely Island.
He says these guys are an example of people becoming successful not because they had a record company that knew how to run a good publicity campaign, but because they slowly built a grassroots reputation through things like YouTube. There’s some other famous examples of recent years.
MC Spandex, who got almost a million hits and world wide fame for a low budget parody music video clip:
Another ‘famous’ example is Tim and Eric. Only watch this if you’re feeling brave. These guys have a well established cult following, but as you can tell from the below clip they’d never fit into the old media structure:
What changes have happened to allow us to go from the boy bands of the late 90s and early 2000s, selling millions of copies, to things like The Lonely Island becoming popular?
Further Reading
The point is that mediums are as important as the meanings they produce. Some useful theory for looking at mediums:
Raymond Williams, The Sociology of Culture.
Hillel Schwartz, The Culture of the Copy.
Marshall McLuhan, The Essential McLuhan.
Andy Greenwald, Nothing Feels Good: Punk Rock, Teenagers and Emo.
Tara Brabazon, From Revolution to Revelation.
Steven Roger Fischer, A History of Reading.
Asa Briggs and Peter Burke, A Social History of the Media.
Wednesday, September 16, 2009
Questions on Referencing and Annotated Bibliographies
In answer to some of the questions I’ve been receiving:
A General Overview of Annotated Bibliographies:
There’s an online guide to Annotated Bibliographies on the library website at:
http://www.unisa.edu.au/ltu/students/study/referencing/bibliography.asp
A Guide to Referencing Using Harvard
There’s a decent guide to both bibliographies and referencing in-text available as a PDF through the library. Do a title search through the library catalogue for “Referencing Using the Harvard Author-Date System” and you should be able to find it.
Citing a Report
Follow the example of the ‘Government Periodical’ at the bottom of page 20 in your course guide. Basically, cite the following:
-Either the editors, author or organisation that produced the report
-The year
-The title
-Any serial or volume numbers
-The publisher (which might be the same organisation you’re using for the author’s name)
-The place of publication.
A General Overview of Annotated Bibliographies:
There’s an online guide to Annotated Bibliographies on the library website at:
http://www.unisa.edu.au/ltu/students/study/referencing/bibliography.asp
A Guide to Referencing Using Harvard
There’s a decent guide to both bibliographies and referencing in-text available as a PDF through the library. Do a title search through the library catalogue for “Referencing Using the Harvard Author-Date System” and you should be able to find it.
Citing a Report
Follow the example of the ‘Government Periodical’ at the bottom of page 20 in your course guide. Basically, cite the following:
-Either the editors, author or organisation that produced the report
-The year
-The title
-Any serial or volume numbers
-The publisher (which might be the same organisation you’re using for the author’s name)
-The place of publication.
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